Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) as systolic/diastolic (e.g. 120/80). The American Heart Association defines 5 BP categories, each with different health implications and recommended actions.
Blood pressure categories (AHA 2017)
- Normal: <120/<80 mmHg — maintain healthy lifestyle
- Elevated: 120–129/<80 — lifestyle changes recommended
- Hypertension Stage 1: 130–139/80–89 — lifestyle changes ± medication
- Hypertension Stage 2: ≥140/≥90 — medication typically recommended
- Hypertensive Crisis: >180/>120 — seek immediate medical attention
Lifestyle changes to lower BP
- DASH diet: rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains; low sodium
- Reduce sodium: aim for <2,300 mg/day (ideally <1,500 mg)
- Exercise: 150 min/week moderate aerobic activity
- Weight loss: each kg lost reduces systolic BP by ~1 mmHg
- Limit alcohol: ≤1 drink/day women, ≤2 drinks/day men